Effective Medium Approach to Electron Waves: Graphene Superlattices

We develop an effectivemedium approach to characterize the propagation of matterwaves in periodic structures, such as graphene or semiconductor superlattices. It is proven that the time evolution of the states that are not more localized in space than the characteristic period of the structure can be described exactly through an effective Hamiltonian, and that the electronic band structure of the system can be exactly determined from the effective Hamiltonian. As an illustration of the application of the method, we characterize the mesoscopic response of graphene superlattices. It is shown that these structures may be described using simply two effective parameters: a dispersive potential, and an anisotropy tensor that characterizes the pseudospin. Our model predicts that a graphene superlattice characterized by an indefinite anisotropy tensor—such that the eigenvalues of the tensor have opposite signs—may permit the perfect tunneling of all the stationary states with a specific value of the energy when it is paired with a dual graphene superlattice with a positive definite anisotropy tensor. Disciplines Engineering Comments Silveirinha, M. G. & Engheta, N. (2012). Effective Medium Approach to Electron Waves: Graphene Superlattices. Physical Review B, 85(19), 195413. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195413 © 2012 American Physical Society This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/ese_papers/609 PHYSICAL REVIEW B 85, 195413 (2012) Effective medium approach to electron waves: Graphene superlattices Mário G. Silveirinha1,2,* and Nader Engheta1,† 1University of Pennsylvania, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 2University of Coimbra, Department of Electrical Engineering—Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal (Received 1 February 2012; published 7 May 2012) We develop an effective medium approach to characterize the propagation of matter waves in periodic structures, such as graphene or semiconductor superlattices. It is proven that the time evolution of the states that are not more localized in space than the characteristic period of the structure can be described exactly through an effective Hamiltonian, and that the electronic band structure of the system can be exactly determined from the effective Hamiltonian. As an illustration of the application of the method, we characterize the mesoscopic response of graphene superlattices. It is shown that these structures may be described using simply two effective parameters: a dispersive potential, and an anisotropy tensor that characterizes the pseudospin. Our model predicts that a graphene superlattice characterized by an indefinite anisotropy tensor—such that the eigenvalues of the tensor have opposite signs—may permit the perfect tunneling of all the stationary states with a specific value of the energy when it is paired with a dual graphene superlattice with a positive definite anisotropy tensor. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195413 PACS number(s): 73.21.Cd, 42.70.Qs, 73.23.−b, 73.22.−f